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… can be divided in four phases, 7 which will be discussed subsequently. The first generation of public procurement in the Union commenced in 1962 with two General Programmes which aimed to abolish practices of Member States that discriminated against foreign undertakings in the award of public contracts, favouring national undertakings. Coordination of national procedures and the removal of quotas were seen as a first step towards improvement. The 1966 4 Consolidated Version of the Treaty on … to the before adopted EU directives on public procurement, ‘particularly in relation to transparency of laws and procedure on government procurement and the elimination of protection for domestic suppliers and of discrimination between domestic and foreigner suppliers’. 13 This agreement was codified in Directive 80/767. 14 The second generation of public procurement law was marked by a Commission action programme 15 aiming to amend the supplies directives, for more open and coordinated …

… Friday Fortnightly: The IP & Competition Newsletter (Ed. 2021 week 16 no. 10) The merger promised to offer the merged entity a position of dominance in the market for LWP sorting in Netherlands, and thereby make it a ‘must-have’ trading partner. Following a phase I investigation and extension of deadline to 35 working days, the Commission conditionally cleared the merger. The commitments include divestiture of Suez’s LWP sorting business in the Netherlands along with all other …