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… and other stake- holders, but they still do not go far or fast enough. 2. There is no “silver bullet” solution to significantly reduce waste disposal and GHG emissions. Upstream and downstream solutions are complementary and are most effective when deployed together. To date, many stakeholders have focused on either “upstream” (pre-consumer, such as material redesign, plastic reduction, and substitution) or “downstream” (post-consumer, such as mechanical and chemical recycling) solutions. … into recycling streams because service providers consider recycling in the design phase. xlv (i) Refill at home: consumers fill their own reusable container at home, refills are either delivered to the door (e.g., a subscription service), or in a shop (e.g. concentrates). (ii) Refill on the go: Consumers refill their own reusable packaging at a dispensing point away from home, such as in-store refill stations. (iii) Return from home: Users subscribe to a delivery and collection service that … patterns by aligning marketing efforts towards more circular solutions, lever- aging product placement, and improving labelling for recycling - Create packaging that is 100% reusable, recy- clable or compostable - Leverage the transition to online shopping by utilizing reverse logistics, and—particularly for food retailers—investing in food preservation technology and removing packaging where shelf-life requirements decrease The automotive sector is facing significant pres- sures to …

… legal system and the nature of international legal obligations). Students thus learn what international law can and cannot regulate; who has the capacity to breach international law; where an international legal obligation is derived from and when is it breached. This course is conceptual in nature and is not primarily concerned with substantive subfields of international law, such as international trade law, international criminal law, international humanitarian law and international human … sale of goods transaction, which is then used to explore a number of other, related, issues, such as the carriage of goods, third party relationships and payment. In the first part of the course, we pay attention to the rights and obligations of buyers and sellers in international sales contracts, with a particular focus on the 1980 United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods. The course then shifts its focus to contracts for the carriage of goods. This part of … of the environment, public health or state security, without a fear of massive legal claims being brought against it by foreign investors in front of an international arbitration tribunal, itself a target of popular criticism for its perceived lack of legitimacy. As a result, international investment law and arbitration is undergoing a profound reform at present, both substantially and procedurally, making this field of contemporary international law a truly fascinating subject-matter for any …