The Maastricht researcher’s PhD thesis shows that Dutch smokers’ knowledge about the harmful effects of smoking has improved since the introduction of the new photographic warnings. Smokers now also appear to be quicker to notice information about the dangers of smoking than they were prior to 2016, when packaging only carried written warnings.

Although the improvement was particularly evident among smokers with a low educational level, the knowledge gaps in this group are still the greatest. ‘Knowledge about the harmful effects of smoking is an important precondition for behavioural change and often a source of motivation to give up smoking,’ Van Mourik says.

‘Moreover, consumers have a right to be aware of the effects. Smokers with a low level of education seem to have benefited more from the introduction of the photographs, possibly because they are clearer than written warnings. Because there is still a lack of knowledge among Dutch smokers about the effects of smoking, it’s important to run campaigns to explain them.’

Comparison

Dutch smokers’ knowledge also lags behind that of their counterparts in other European countries. The Netherlands scores remarkably low when it comes to awareness among smokers about the dangers of smoking, especially regarding the harmful effects of second-hand smoke, and even in relation to lung disease.

The introduction of photographs on tobacco product packaging was part of the European Tobacco Products Directive. In comparison with smokers from countries outside the European Union where there were no changes in warnings on cigarette packets, it was only smokers in the Netherlands who soon after the pictures were launched:

• were more likely to notice tobacco health warnings
• demonstrated a higher level of knowledge about the harmful effects of smoking
• were more likely to avoid seeing warnings, for example by keeping the packet in a cover
• were more likely to say they think about the harmful effects of smoking

Van Mourik based his thesis on data from the International Tobacco Control Netherlands Project, collected by the research firm Kantar Public. The research was funded by the Dutch Cancer Society (KWF Kankerbestrijding).

Figure: Percentage of Dutch smokers in 2017 who believe that smoking causes disease, per disease.