Keywords: Protein-bound uraemic toxins, protein carbamylation, cyclin-dependent kinase 5, atherosclerosis
 

"Tackling the Complexity of CKD-associated Cardiovascular Disease From Small Molecules to Proteins"

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading global cause of death, often triggered by atherosclerosis which can cause severe artery blockages or ruptures, leading to strokes or heart attacks. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and declining kidney function. The relationship between the latter and CVD is known as cardiorenal syndrome. This thesis dives deeper into the complexities of this condition. It explores the methods for reduction of protein-bound uraemic toxins, that build up in the body as kidney function declines. Further, it examines the role of protein modification, carbamylation, in atherosclerosis in patients with kidney insufficiency. Additionally, this work discusses the role of protein Klotho in preventing vascular calcification in a mini review, and identifies a gene linked to plaque calcification. Understanding these processes could lead to better prevention and treatment strategies for cardiorenal syndrome.

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