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… remains normatively a convincing concept and that judicial dialogue between the CJEU and national apex courts must be enhanced. The PSPP judgment has shown that both courts only reluctantly have contributed to a meaning- and respectful judicial exchange. Thus, the descriptive dimension of constitutional pluralism only partly holds true. Second, this thesis argues that the judicial dialogue must be further institutionalised and therefore, proposes a constructive mechanism that could facilitate … and Costa v. ENEL, affected some of the very important national doctrines that were carefully defined and developed within the national legal orders. Due to the Simmenthal doctrine, regular national courts were suddenly enabled – by a back then foreign court – to set aside national legislation. In most national legal orders, the constitutional or supreme courts have had a monopoly of invalidating national legislation (e.g., Art. 100 of the German constitution). By giving regular national … of judges of the new Member States into the European legal community.159 The Commission, too, has supported the CJEU in fostering pro-European networks of judges and lawyers by establishing the Fédération Internationale de Droit Européen (FIDE) where exchange among pro-European lawyers and CJEU judges can take place.160 Despite all these efforts, it is questionable whether it really contributes to attaining the objective of an inter-institutional bargaining among the courts. Although these …

… 600 students representing over 50 nationalities Close to 19,000 students and 4000 staff Highest rated Liberal Arts and Science Program in The Netherlands The international office team: Ina Engelen Sylvia Brandt Suzanne Beckers General IRO Incoming Exchange Outgoing Exchange & Alumni 8 Why UCM? UCM is an honours college PBL teaching method All courses are taught in English Geographic Location Quaint city with a burgundy flair Vibrant student life 9 Concentrations Social Sciences Humanities Sciences Economics and …

… Concept and Methodology Version 2017 JRC, European Commission, 2017) Smallholder-oriented Data Governance Principles FSD Fair & Smart Data• 7 • 1.2 What is data governance? Data governance is used here to describe the process of governing the exchange of digital information3 among stakeholders as part of the data economy4 (Cohen & Wendehorst, 2022). In other words, data governance in smallholder agriculture can be seen as a collective effort by all the stakeholders to establish the … calculators, communication devices and so on, and can be stored on those devices or in the Cloud. (Digital Information, BIM- Wiki, 2021) 4 The data economy measures the overall impacts of the data market – i.e., the marketplace where digital data is exchanged as products or services derived from raw data – on the economy as a whole. It involves the generation, collection, storage, processing, distribution, analysis, elaboration, delivery, and exploitation of data enabled by digital technologies. … generators who handle data production6 and the data controllers or holders who can access the data shared among the stakeholders and decide on the purposes and means of its processing and use (Cohen & Wendehorst, 2022). Given the bidirectional data exchange, all SDE stakeholders can be end-users. However, in practice, the data controllers (usually private companies, governmental organisations, NGOs, and farmer organisations) tend to be the data end-users in most cases. Figure 1. The smallholder …

… Concept and Methodology Version 2017 JRC, European Commission, 2017) Smallholder-oriented Data Governance Principles FSD Fair & Smart Data• 7 • 1.2 What is data governance? Data governance is used here to describe the process of governing the exchange of digital information3 among stakeholders as part of the data economy4 (Cohen & Wendehorst, 2022). In other words, data governance in smallholder agriculture can be seen as a collective effort by all the stakeholders to establish the … calculators, communication devices and so on, and can be stored on those devices or in the Cloud. (Digital Information, BIM- Wiki, 2021) 4 The data economy measures the overall impacts of the data market – i.e., the marketplace where digital data is exchanged as products or services derived from raw data – on the economy as a whole. It involves the generation, collection, storage, processing, distribution, analysis, elaboration, delivery, and exploitation of data enabled by digital technologies. … generators who handle data production6 and the data controllers or holders who can access the data shared among the stakeholders and decide on the purposes and means of its processing and use (Cohen & Wendehorst, 2022). Given the bidirectional data exchange, all SDE stakeholders can be end-users. However, in practice, the data controllers (usually private companies, governmental organisations, NGOs, and farmer organisations) tend to be the data end-users in most cases. Figure 1. The smallholder …