The evolution from linear business models to new, circular business models is part of the “servitization of the economy”: the new models entail a shift from buying a product to using products (pay-per-use). Diverse product-service combinations are possible: ‘product-oriented product-services bundles’, whereby services are added to the sale of a product; but also ‘user-oriented product-service bundles’ and ‘result-oriented product services bundles’. User-oriented bundles entail a right of use for the recipient of the product and the payment of a user fee; e.g. when a firm offers car sourcing services, such as Car2go and DriveNow. Producers retain ownership and the responsibility for the product during the entire life cycle. Result-oriented bundles guarantee the fulfilment of a specific need; e.g. when light is sold instead of light bulbs (e.g. Philips at Schiphol airport, Philips.com). Both models can provide incentives to producers and users to use resources in a more sustainable way. There are definitely opportunities involved in these new models. That is so for producers (retention of the residual value, establishment of a long-term relationship with the user, potential new customers due to a lower entry costs, …), users (shift of the responsibility for maintenance, repair and replacement to the producer, no unexpected costs, lower entry cost …) and the environment (less production of waste). However, there are also important challenges caused by servitization: higher investment costs for the producer, slower pace of returns, potentially higher transaction costs due to more complex contracts, exacerbated moral hazard problem (the user may behave differently if he is not the owner), protection in case of bankruptcy etc. The aim of this workshop is to explore these and other legal challenges these new business models pose.

Senior researchers and PhD candidates are invited to send an abstract (max. 400 words) of a paper related to the above-mentioned theme  to Marta Santos Silva (m.santossilva@maastrichtuniversity.nl) and Evelyne Terryn (Evelyne.Terryn@kuleuven.be) no later than 20 September, 2018. All contributions should be in English and co-authored papers will be also considered. Researchers from within and outside the Ius Commune Research School will be eligible to present abstracts.