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… two case studies— the Jinotega & Matagalpa Project in Nicaragua and the Quilombolas Social Carbon Project in Brazil—the report illustrates different value chain models and governance structures that influence benefit generation and distribution for smallholder farmers. Findings suggest that tailored governance mechanisms, transparent pricing, and equitable value-sharing models are essential for enhancing smallholder participation. The report concludes with recommendations on optimizing compensation, improving governance, and ensuring long-term sustainability for farmers engaged in carbon- offsetting projects. Authored by: Rasmus Lema, Associate Professor at United Nations University-MERIT Liliana Bedoya … collaborated with CISA Exportadora, part of the Mercon Coffee Group, a global company with extensive experience in coffee production, sourcing, and trade. CISA Exportadora played a crucial role in providing technical support and maintaining direct contact with the farmers. However, in December 2023, CISA abruptly declared bankruptcy and ceased operations. As CISA had maintained business relationships with the farmers for over 20 years, the sudden closure created challenges for coffee sales in …

… two case studies— the Jinotega & Matagalpa Project in Nicaragua and the Quilombolas Social Carbon Project in Brazil—the report illustrates different value chain models and governance structures that influence benefit generation and distribution for smallholder farmers. Findings suggest that tailored governance mechanisms, transparent pricing, and equitable value-sharing models are essential for enhancing smallholder participation. The report concludes with recommendations on optimizing compensation, improving governance, and ensuring long-term sustainability for farmers engaged in carbon- offsetting projects. Authored by: Rasmus Lema, Associate Professor at United Nations University-MERIT Liliana B. … collaborated with CISA Exportadora, part of the Mercon Coffee Group, a global company with extensive experience in coffee production, sourcing, and trade. CISA Exportadora played a crucial role in providing technical support and maintaining direct contact with the farmers. However, in December 2023, CISA abruptly declared bankruptcy and ceased operations. As CISA had maintained business relationships with the farmers for over 20 years, the sudden closure created challenges for coffee sales in …