New insight into the role of brain changes in psychiatric disorders
It has long been known that in some psychiatric disorders certain parts of the brain show slight abnormalities. However, it was unclear whether these brain changes are caused by the illness itself, by medication, or by smoking. In a recent study, scientists at Maastricht University and Amsterdam UMC have discovered many new correlations. For example, they found that schizophrenia itself does not lead to changes in the brain, but that thinning of the cerebral cortex actually increases the risk of developing schizophrenia. The results were published today in the journal Nature Mental Health.
Brain changes
For the study, the researchers used genetic data from millions of people. Using a powerful statistical method called Mendelian randomisation, they were able to closely examine the causes of brain changes and their relationship with psychiatric disorders and behaviour. This led to the discovery of many new correlations.
For instance, the researchers found that schizophrenia itself does not lead to brain changes, but that cortical thinning increases the risk of schizophrenia. ‘Now that we have a better understanding of the links between brain changes, behaviour and psychiatric disorders, we hope this will support prevention and early intervention in mental health care,’ says lead researcher Jurjen Luykx.
Psychiatric disorders
Until now, it has been unclear whether brain changes play a role in the development of psychiatric disorders or whether they are a result of them. The findings of this study now help scientists to understand how brain changes, behaviour and psychiatric conditions are interconnected. This could ultimately lead to improved treatments for psychiatric symptoms and possibly contribute to prevention.
With regard to tobacco and alcohol use, the researchers found connections in both directions: cortical thinning appeared not only to increase the likelihood of tobacco use, but was itself also caused by regular smoking. ‘Our results also offer actionable insights,’ says Jurjen Luykx. ‘Greater awareness of the importance of not smoking in society may help reduce brain damage among the population. In turn, a healthier brain lowers the risk of psychiatric disorders.’
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