PhD Defence Margherita Altin

Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Gerard van Rooij

Co-supervisors: Dr. Paola Diomede, Dr. Pedro Viegas

"Plasma modelling for sustainable nitrogen fixation: Transport and excitation kinetics"


In her research, Margherita Altin explores the use of plasma technology to transform nitrogen gas (N₂) into useful compounds like fertilizers. Altin aims to replace the traditional method of fertilizer production from natural gas, which is energy-intensive and emits significant amounts of carbon dioxide. Plasma technology offers a more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly alternative.

The study focuses on microwave plasma reactors, which utilize plasma (an energized state of matter) to break apart nitrogen molecules. Researchers examined the chemical reactions occurring in the plasma and analysed the movement of particles, particularly in nitrogen (N₂) and nitrogen-oxygen (N₂-O₂) mixtures. Advanced computer models were developed to simulate energy transfer to vibrational states in nitrogen molecules, making them easier to split. 

The findings revealed that operating plasma at low pressures and power levels facilitates efficient energy transfer, reducing the cost of breaking nitrogen bonds. Adding oxygen enhanced the production of nitric oxide (NO), a key ingredient in fertilizers, at significantly lower energy costs. Optimizing reactor conditions doubled NO yields compared to traditional methods, approaching industrial energy efficiency targets. Despite these advances, challenges remain, such as rapidly cooling (quenching) the plasma to prevent NO degradation. This research highlights the potential of plasma technology to revolutionize nitrogen fixation with cleaner and more sustainable processes. 

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