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… to reduce consumer harms. Brookings Institution. Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu/research/algorithmic-bias-detection-and- mitigation-best-practices-and-policies-to-reduce-consumer-harms/ 44 See Wiewiórowski, W. (2022). It is time to target online advertising. Retrieved 14 March 2022, from https://edps.europa.eu/press-publications/press-news/blog/it-time-target-online-advertising_en. To this end, also see the recent case of the Belgian Data Protection Authority against IAB Europe: Belgian Data Protection Authority. (2022). The BE DPA to restore order to the online advertising industry: IAB Europe held … between the data controller and the data subject in violation of this Rule. In practical terms, to implement this Rule, the Organisation will need to structure its processing activities in a way that promotes positive, respectful and sustainable data exchanges with individuals aimed at building trustworthy relationships. This could be, e.g., that the Organisation will make efforts to increase what we might call ‘genuine’ transparency (see Principle 2); that it will draw red lines for certain types …

… fuels reinvestments in further emissions reduction activities (Nowak, 2022). 1.1 Distinction between Carbon Markets There are two main types of carbon markets: compliance carbon market (CCM) and voluntary carbon market (VCM). While both facilitate the trading of carbon credits or offsets, the VCM operates independently of the CCM, which is regulated to fulfill mandatory emissions reduction obligations. • 9 • Smallholder Farmers and the VCM: A Balancing Act The CCM, primarily designed to meet legally … permanence) of carbon offsets, and their prices. Some of these uncertainties can be mitigated or insured against, for instance, through carbon sink value discounting (Radke et al., 2020) or the creation of reserved forest. Under the Chicago Climate Exchange, forest owners are required to reserve 20% of their forest to manage potential reductions in offsets due to forest damage. In New Zealand, forest farms can introduce insurance to protect against climate hazards such as floods, droughts, and … to enhance their capacity-building strategy across Latin America and Africa (Acorn, 2024c). This learning platform connects small-scale agroforestry projects with carbon credit markets and explains how the Acorn model operates. Additionally, the online platform offers open educational materials that promote skill development, empowering participants to take ownership of their understanding of the carbon compensation model. Learners are required to complete activities and evaluations to earn a …

… fuels reinvestments in further emissions reduction activities (Nowak, 2022). 1.1 Distinction between Carbon Markets There are two main types of carbon markets: compliance carbon market (CCM) and voluntary carbon market (VCM). While both facilitate the trading of carbon credits or offsets, the VCM operates independently of the CCM, which is regulated to fulfill mandatory emissions reduction obligations. • 9 • Smallholder Farmers and the VCM: A Balancing Act The CCM, primarily designed to meet legally … permanence) of carbon offsets, and their prices. Some of these uncertainties can be mitigated or insured against, for instance, through carbon sink value discounting (Radke et al., 2020) or the creation of reserved forest. Under the Chicago Climate Exchange, forest owners are required to reserve 20% of their forest to manage potential reductions in offsets due to forest damage. In New Zealand, forest farms can introduce insurance to protect against climate hazards such as floods, droughts, and … to enhance their capacity-building strategy across Latin America and Africa (Acorn, 2024c). This learning platform connects small-scale agroforestry projects with carbon credit markets and explains how the Acorn model operates. Additionally, the online platform offers open educational materials that promote skill development, empowering participants to take ownership of their understanding of the carbon compensation model. Learners are required to complete activities and evaluations to earn a …

… to attract any further investment to continue its business operations. News & Image Source: Complaint, 4 November 2021, available here. The New York Times, 4 November 2021, available here. 2. Copyright 2.1 Apple must pay $1.9 million to Chinese Online for copyright infringement: China On 3rd November, the Tianjin Binhai District Court of China awarded Chinese Online Tianjin Cultural Development Co., Ltd. (Chinese Online) 12 million yuan ($ 1.9 million) in damages. Apple shall pay these damages to Chinese Online for infringement of the latter’s “right to disseminate information” over the internet. …