Put down the 'frikandel'

“Fourteen per cent of children and half of all adults in the Netherlands are overweight”, says Van Mil. “So it’s less of a problem than in the UK, for example, but it’s a rapidly growing problem and a potential public-health crisis.” Since obesity and overweight are difficult to treat in adulthood, it makes sense to focus on the formative stage, he adds. Preventive intervention means treating every child as a potentially obese adult.

“There’s pretty much an absolute consensus on the benefits of eating more vegetables and fruit”, Van Mil explains. “We want to improve children’s health and dietary habits.” The new professorial chair was endowed by a consortium of regional companies involved in vegetable production. Their expertise may come in handy when it comes to promoting vegetable consumption, but they also look forward to collaborating within the wider UM–Brightlands ecosystem for health research.

Share the chair

Initially, Havermans and Van Mil each applied for the professorship independently. But during the selection process, the consortium introduced them to each other and suggested they be appointed joint holders. “We were enthusiastic from the get-go; we were exchanging ideas and couldn’t wait to start working together”, Havermans recalls. A chair straddling the fields of biology and psychology will help in tackling this complex issue.

“Nutritional health is not only about what you eat and how much,” Van Mil cautions, “but also about physical activity, the microbiome, even the parents’ microbiome, genetics and epigenetics, and many other variables.” The professors have opted for a systems approach. “So you study not only children and parents, but also relatives, the school environment and peer groups.” Studying this system – a complex and dynamic whole in which variables interact and affect one another – is no simple matter.

“In the first 1,000 days, however, that system is relatively simple”, says Havermans. “It’s more or less just the child and the parents.” They decided to bookend childhood by looking at the first and the last 1,000 days: from conception to about two years, and late adolescence, when peer pressure and advertising join factors such as the parents’ education level and financial situation.

“We’re really bringing our disciplines together to study the interaction between mind and body”, says Van Mil, whose clinical practice focuses on relatively rare conditions. “As a doctor you try to see what’s wrong and how you can fix it. Here we use diseases as models. For example, how can diabetes be managed, and how can we use that knowledge to help people stay healthy in the first place?”

What works?

Havermans focuses on the behavioural side of eating: why do we eat what we eat? Adolescents, for example, consume far too little fruit. “They’re not interested in their health, so explaining what’s healthy and what’s not won’t have much impact. Adolescence is about freedom, becoming independent by making your own choices”, Havermans says. “I’d assume the answer lies in making healthy food more appealing, but we’d have to test that: will having more healthy choices change their behaviour?”

Thanks to the collaboration with Van Mil, Havermans can now test the clinical outcomes of the interventions he has devised. Even if adolescents can be persuaded to eat more fruit, will their health outcomes actually improve? “As a psychologist, you always look at behavioural outcomes, but now that I can draw on Edgar’s expertise, I can actually look at what it does to peoples’ bodies.”

Both being fathers, the professors describe themselves as “just as frustrated and anxious as any parents”. They are motivated by the thought of helping parents make better decisions when it comes to food, and creating an environment conducive to those decisions. For all the harmony, however, they disagree on one key point: the culinary merit of frikandel. Havermans aye, Van Mil nay.