Overriding Mandatory Rules in International Commercial Arbitration, a Comparative Study between France, Switzerland, England and Egypt

International commercial arbitration often encounters “overriding mandatory rules” – national laws so important that a country insists on applying them no matter what law the parties choose. The thesis asks how arbitrators can navigate these rules effectively. Ignoring them can get an award overturned by courts, but following them too rigidly undermines the parties’ freedom to set their own terms.

The research blends theory, case studies, and a comparison of multiple legal systems to find a balanced approach. The research suggests arbitrators should apply crucial mandatory laws when needed (especially those of the contract’s chosen law or the country where arbitration is held) to ensure their decisions hold up in court. By balancing party autonomy with respect for vital laws, arbitration can remain an effective and trustworthy way to resolve international disputes.