International Law Discussion Group discusses Operation Epic Fury

On 16 April 2026, the Maastricht Centre for Human Rights hosted the second session of the International Law Discussion Group (ILDG) in its renewed format. The session focused on Operation Epic Fury and the legal questions arising from recent United States and Israeli military action against Iran.

Using short video clips as a starting point, participants discussed a range of issues under international law, including the prohibition of the use of force, claims of self-defence (including anticipatory self-defence), and whether an international armed conflict existed already prior to the operation. Particular attention was paid to the reactions of other states and what these reveal about state practice and opinio juris, as well as the distinction between legal justification and political characterisation.

The discussion also addressed the situation in the Strait of Hormuz, including the legality of restrictions on maritime navigation and whether such measures qualify as a blockade under the law of naval warfare. In addition, participants examined the targeting of specific leaders, focusing on questions of status, direct participation in hostilities, and the scope of lawful military objectives under international humanitarian law.

The session concluded with a reflection on the broader implications of these developments for the interpretation and stability of international law and international humanitarian law.

The International Law Discussion Group offers a regular forum for staff within and beyond the Maastricht Centre for Human Rights to discuss current developments in international law and human rights. Through these sessions, the ILDG aims to encourage exchange, critical reflection, and the development of new ideas for future research and events.