Impact of recycled plastic food packaging on human health in a circular economy: a case study using a combined approach of bioassays and LCA
Our society runs on what the earth gives us: we use the raw materials for food, shelter, heat, clothing, electrical appliances and mobility. The need for raw materials is only increasing. In 2050 there are expected to be more than nine billion people who need sufficient food and water and want to live in prosperity. To make this possible, the circular economy is needed.
Plastics are polymers and come in many forms, from the transparent plastic sandwich bags to the hard coloured Lego building blocks. After the plastic has been used, it reaches the waste phase, where it may be upgraded again to reusable raw materials, based on the objective of the circular economy. New plastic recycling processes are emerging such as the chemical recycling processes, which chemically breakdown the plastics, and mechanical recycling to maintain the quality of recycled plastic as high as virgin plastics. This makes the choice of the recycling process very challenging. To find the best recycling process, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a proven tool as it is aimed to quantify the environmental impacts associated with the entire lifecycle of food packaging starting with the raw material extraction, then going through the manufacturing, transport, and use stages, and finally ending with the disposal stage.
However, all the impacts associated with human health cannot be addressed by LCA especially when the reusable plastics are used as food packaging materials. It is currently not known what the effect of the recycling process of plastics and their use in the food industry is on the safety aspects of food products. For example, if these products release contaminants or microplastics, this might influence human health in the end. It is therefore of outmost important to investigate the migration/leakage of contaminants and microplastics from recycled food packaging materials to food and the subsequent exposure of consumers to these chemicals and particles.
The current interdisciplinary collaboration will benefit from both LCA and bioassays to quantify as realistically as possible the total impacts of recycled plastic food packaging on human health.
Contact Misha Vrolijk for more information on this research project.