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… Five mandatory concentration courses (5 credits each); - Two mandatory concentration skills courses (2.5 credits each); - The Bachelor Thesis Project (25 credits). 2. After approval from the Board of Examiners, the student can also choose to follow an exchange programme such as study abroad for a semester (in year 2, semester 2) or do his/her thesis project abroad. These two options cannot be combined. 3. To attain the certificate for the final examination for the bachelor’s programme, the student … must be submitted at least one month before the final assignment is turned in or the final test is taken. The board of examiners grants the request: - if the student is selected by the faculty for an extracurricular internship or an extracurricular exchange, or - if the student holds or will hold a board position for which at least nine months of financial support is awarded from the profiling fund or holds or will hold an ‘INKOM’ board position. The board of examiners may also grant the request …

… processed goods to chocolate firms for confectionary manufacturing (Staritz et al., 2022). Sourcing of cacao for chocolate manufacturers, according to Renier et al. (2023), can be categorized into three types: "direct" sourcing, "indirect" sourcing by trading companies from intermediaries, and "unknown" sourcing without supply chain data disclosure. "Direct sourcing" practices do not necessarily mean that the cacao can be traced back to the farm level but to the first buyer only, which often is a … are six big chocolate companies, including Mars, Mondelez, Nestlé, Ferrero, Hershey and Lindt & Sprüngli, purchasing 65% of cocoa and four grinder-traders, Barry Callebaut, Cargill, Olam and ECOM, responsible for 75% of worldwide cocoa processing and trading in 2016 to 2017, while the New York and London cocoa derivate markets set an international price reference for the commodity (Staritz et al., 2022). 6 Figure 2: Simplified Chocolate Supply Chain derived from Ivanova et al. (2020), Camargo and … implemented, as large-scale afforestation and agroforestry strategies require industry collaboration (ETG4, M5, M10) on a local, national and international level (F1). Moreover, pre- competitiveness was mentioned in the context of providing knowledge exchange to enable transformation (M7). P2 highlights the need for pre-competitive collaboration, as this will prevent farmers from changing cooperatives to sell their cocoa produced in monocultures to other buyers. Nevertheless, it is highlighted that …

… processed goods to chocolate firms for confectionary manufacturing (Staritz et al., 2022). Sourcing of cacao for chocolate manufacturers, according to Renier et al. (2023), can be categorized into three types: "direct" sourcing, "indirect" sourcing by trading companies from intermediaries, and "unknown" sourcing without supply chain data disclosure. "Direct sourcing" practices do not necessarily mean that the cacao can be traced back to the farm level but to the first buyer only, which often is a … are six big chocolate companies, including Mars, Mondelez, Nestlé, Ferrero, Hershey and Lindt & Sprüngli, purchasing 65% of cocoa and four grinder-traders, Barry Callebaut, Cargill, Olam and ECOM, responsible for 75% of worldwide cocoa processing and trading in 2016 to 2017, while the New York and London cocoa derivate markets set an international price reference for the commodity (Staritz et al., 2022). 6 Figure 2: Simplified Chocolate Supply Chain derived from Ivanova et al. (2020), Camargo and … implemented, as large-scale afforestation and agroforestry strategies require industry collaboration (ETG4, M5, M10) on a local, national and international level (F1). Moreover, pre- competitiveness was mentioned in the context of providing knowledge exchange to enable transformation (M7). P2 highlights the need for pre-competitive collaboration, as this will prevent farmers from changing cooperatives to sell their cocoa produced in monocultures to other buyers. Nevertheless, it is highlighted that …

… The final assessments are based on the documentation provided by the institutes, the key publications, and the interviews with the management and the leaders of the programmes. The texts for the committee report were finalised through email exchanges. The first assessor was responsible for writing the draft assessment and for sending it to the second assessor, who had to amend and/or approve the assessment. With the approval of both assessors, the assessment was inserted into the report. … Quality and academic reputation As a consequence of the institute’s integration policy, collaboration has led to numerous joint papers with co-authors from different programmes, departments and faculties from Leiden and other universities (Dutch and foreign). The self-evaluation report states that programme directors and principal researchers are internationally visible, as is evident from their election onto executive committees and presidencies, as well as their editorships of some of the … with strong clinical institutions, industry and private partners will be continued. Collaboration networks will be made more explicit to increase visibility. There are risks that growth of the faculty will lead to potential isolation and a limited exchange of knowledge and expertise between departments. To avoid this, the previous integrative postdoc and PhD positions should be continued via participation in interdisciplinary research projects at the university level. The financial situation in …