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… * Correspondence author. E-mail address: anke.wesselius@maastrichtuniversity.nl (A. Wesselius). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advnut.2023.09.012 Received 3 July 2023; Received in revised form 24 September 2023; Accepted 26 September 2023; Available online 3 November 2023 2161-8313/© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Society for Nutrition. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). … on the following criteria: 1) not English language; 2) inaccessible to full text; 3) insufficient data (without OR, RR, or HR and 95% CI for the DII/EDIP and risk of UC). Details of the study identification and selection are shown in Figure 1. Quality check After study selection, the quality of all included studies was assessed by making use of the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assess- ment scale [34]. NOS is classified into 3 categories containing selection, comparability, and exposure/outcome, which … be added to the items categorized under comparability. Finally, the included studies were classified as low quality (0–3), moderate quality (4–6), and high quality (7–9) based on the number of stars. Data extraction All data were extracted by YD and checked for consistency by AW. Disagreement was solved through discussion until a consensus was reached. Extracted data included the following: the first author's name, year of publication, the country where the study was performed, study duration, …