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… of Contents List of Abbreviations i Abstract ii 1. Introduction 0 1.1 Research question(s) 1 1.2 Method 2 2. EU Greenhouse Gas Reduction Legislation: Commitments for Member States 4 2.1 The EU 2020 climate and energy package 4 2.2 The EU Emissions Trading Scheme 4 2.3 The Effort Sharing Decision 6 2.4 The possibility of further going action, cf. Art 193 TFEU 6 2.5 Application of the EU climate legislation in the Urgenda Case 9 2.5.1 The Dutch State’s arguments regarding EU climate legislation 9 … Justice of the European Union ECHR: The Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms ECtHR: European Court of Human Rights ESD: The Effort Sharing Decision EU/the Union: The European Union EU ETS: The European Union Emissions Trading System FRA: European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights TEU: The Treaty on the European Union TFEU: The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union The Charter: The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union The Urgenda Case: … 25% by 2020, because a lower reduction violated the fundamental rights under Arts 2 and 8 ECHR of the Urgenda Foundation. Chapter 1 contains an introduction. Chapter 2 explains the relevant EU climate legislation, being the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme and the Effort Sharing Decision, and the possibility for Member States to maintain or introduce more stringent actions under Art 193 TFEU. This chapter also focuses on the Dutch State’s argument relating to EU climate legislation, and …